A Very Short History of Balkanisation – and What It Means for Iran
The early months of 2026 have seen renewed discussion of multipolarity, nationalism and the risk of wider conflict.
Another term associated with 20th century politics has re-entered online political discourse:
Balkanisation.
The term is often used to describe fears of an ethnically or culturally diverse state fragmenting into smaller, weaker, political units. Both the Ottoman Empire and Yugoslavia ‘Balkanised’ in the 20th century, and now Iran faces the same threat today.
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